See -ć on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ć"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-ti<id:infinitive>",
"id": "infinitive",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ci",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 11 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms infinitives of verbs"
],
"id": "en--ć-zlw-opl-suffix-Xd2djlmw",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#infinitive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ć"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":from",
"3": "zlw-opl:ty<id:thou>",
"id": "emphatic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć\nReduced form of ci, dative singular of ty.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ci",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms emphatic forms of word"
],
"id": "en--ć-zlw-opl-suffix-kOzwY2ZK",
"links": [
[
"emphatic",
"Appendix:Glossary#emphatic"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:-ć<id:infinitive>",
"id": "infinitive",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-c",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ść",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-źć",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ć"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ć"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 3 40 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 2 38 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 40 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a → prać"
},
{
"text": "e → bieleć"
},
{
"text": "i → bić"
},
{
"text": "u → kuć"
},
{
"text": "y → gaworzyć"
},
{
"text": "ą → dąć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms generic infinitives of stems ending in vowels"
],
"id": "en--ć-pl-suffix-pmo8ABua",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-t͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:-ć<id:emphatic>",
"id": "emphatic",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ć"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ć"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bo + -ć → boć",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to create an emphatic form"
],
"id": "en--ć-pl-suffix-zdUBGSpB",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ż"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-t͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ć n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ć"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ć"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-cie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -cie"
],
"id": "en--ć-pl-suffix-djFs0BTN",
"links": [
[
"-cie",
"-cie#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-t͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish suffixes",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *túh₂",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ć"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-ti<id:infinitive>",
"id": "infinitive",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ci",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms infinitives of verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#infinitive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish suffixes",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *túh₂",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ć"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":from",
"3": "zlw-opl:ty<id:thou>",
"id": "emphatic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć\nReduced form of ci, dative singular of ty.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ci",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms emphatic forms of word"
],
"links": [
[
"emphatic",
"Appendix:Glossary#emphatic"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish suffix forms",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/t͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/t͡ɕ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:-ć<id:infinitive>",
"id": "infinitive",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tei\nProto-Slavic *-ti\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-c",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ść",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-źć",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ć"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ć"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a → prać"
},
{
"text": "e → bieleć"
},
{
"text": "i → bić"
},
{
"text": "u → kuć"
},
{
"text": "y → gaworzyć"
},
{
"text": "ą → dąć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms generic infinitives of stems ending in vowels"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-t͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish suffix forms",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *túh₂",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/t͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/t͡ɕ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:-ć<id:emphatic>",
"id": "emphatic",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *túh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ\nProto-Slavic *ty\nOld Polish ty\nOld Polish -ć\nPolish -ć\nInherited from Old Polish -ć.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ć",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ć"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ć"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bo + -ć → boć",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to create an emphatic form"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ż"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-t͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish suffix forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/t͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/t͡ɕ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ć n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ć"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ć"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-cie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -cie"
],
"links": [
[
"-cie",
"-cie#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-t͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "-ć"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ć meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.